鄱阳湖沉积物间隙水中磷的含量及其分布特征   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

向速林  周文斌  聂发辉 《湖泊科学》2011,23(6):868-872

根据2010年1月对鄱阳湖各站点沉积物的采样分析,研究了鄱阳湖沉积物间隙水中总溶解性磷(DTP)与可溶性正磷酸盐(DIP)的含量及其分布特征,并对各站点表层沉积物间隙水中DTP和DIP的含量及其沉积物中TP与IP的含量进行了相关性分析.结果表明,鄱阳湖各站点表层沉积物(0 -2cm)间隙水中DTP的平均含量为0.134...  相似文献   

Cotton Fiber/ZrO2, A New Material for Adsorption of Cr(VI) Ions in Water     

Alfredo Alberto Muxel  Sonia Maria Nobre Gimenez  Flaveli Aparecida de Souza Almeida  Rení Ventura da Silva Alfaya  Antonio Alberto da Silva Alfaya 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2011,39(3):289-295

The natural cotton fiber was used to synthesize an anion exchange, containing ZrO₂ film on its surface, NCFZC (natural cotton fiber/ZrO₂ composite). This anion exchanger was produced by the reaction of the zirconium oxychloride and hydroxyl groups on surface of the natural cotton fiber. The material was used for Cr(VI) ions adsorption studies. Adsorption equilibrium time and optimum pH for Cr(VI) adsorption were found to be 6 h and 4.0, respectively. The Langmuir and Temkin isotherms were used to models adsorption equilibrium data. The adsorption capacity of NCFZC was found to be 1.33 mmol/g. Kinetic studies showed that the rate of adsorption of Cr(VI) on NCFZC obeyed a pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model.  相似文献   

A Methodology for Clustering Lakes in Alberta on the basis of Water Quality Parameters     

Tahir Ali Akbar  Quazi K. Hassan  Gopal Achari 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2011,39(10):916-924

In this study, a methodology for clustering 18 lakes in Alberta, Canada using the data of 19 water quality parameters for a period of 11 years (1988–2002) is presented. The methods consist of (i) principal component analysis (PCA) to determine the dominant water quality parameters, (ii) cluster analysis techniques to develop the characteristics of the clusters, and (iii) pattern‐match lakes to determine the appropriate cluster for each of the lakes. The PCA revealed that three principal components (PCs) were able to explain ～88% of the variability and the dominant water quality parameters were total dissolved solids, total phosphorus, and chlorophyll‐a. We obtained five clusters for the period 1994–1997 by using the dominant parameters with water quality deteriorating as the cluster number increased from 1 to 5. Upon matching cluster patterns with the entire dataset, it was observed that some of the lakes belonged to the same cluster all the time (e.g., cluster 1 for lakes Elkwater, Gregg, and Jarvis; cluster 3 for Sturgeon; cluster 4 for Moonshine; and cluster 5 for Saskatoon), while others changed with time. This methodology could be applied in other regions of the world to identify the most suitable source waters and prioritize their management. It could be helpful to analyze the natural controlling processes, pollution types, impact of seasonal changes and overall quality of source waters. This methodology could be used for monitoring water bodies in a cost effective and efficient way by sampling only less number of dominant parameters instead of using a large set of parameters.  相似文献   

近十年来渤海湾围填海工程对渤海湾水交换的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王勇智  吴頔  石洪华  赵晓龙  闫文文 《海洋与湖沼》2015,46(3):471-480

近十年来我国海岸带地区快速城市化,对土地的需求持续高涨,导致沿海地区围海造地现象愈演愈烈,海湾纳潮海域面积持续萎缩,对海湾的水交换带来了较大压力。为此,选取我国海岸带快速城市化的典型区域——渤海湾为例,研究近十年来渤海湾海岸带城市化对渤海湾水交换的影响。基于国际流行的MIKE3水动力模型耦合粒子追踪模块,应用2000年和2010年两个典型年份的渤海湾岸线资料,分别计算了2000年和2010年渤海湾环流系统及其驱动下的水质点运移规律和变化特征。研究将渤海湾划分为8个区块,定量化研究和对比了近十年来由于渤海湾持续围填海导致的海湾水存留时间和不同区块水交换能力的变化。结果表明,随着近十年来渤海湾沿岸快速城市化产生的岸线变化,导致湾内环流涡旋增多,决定湾内水交换的流场结构发生了显著变化,导致各区块的水交换能力和平均水存留时间不仅存在较大差异,而且发生了显著的变化。与2000年相比,2010年天津港、黄骅港和曹妃甸港区海域的平均水存留时间明显增加,水交换率下降,对区域水质的改善十分不利。  相似文献   

人类活动对海洋生态系统影响的空间量化评价——以莱州湾海域为例   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李延峰  宋秀贤  吴在兴  俞志明 《海洋与湖沼》2015,46(1):133-139

本文针对海域管理中难以量化人类活动对海洋生态系统影响的问题,提出人海关系空间量化模型,通过完善概念模型、构建指标体系、确定权重及标准,最终利用作用强度和位置关系量化人类活动对海洋生态系统的影响,数值在0—1之间,等分为四个影响程度,由弱到强依次为微弱、中等、强烈和极强,并将该模型和量化方法应用于莱州湾海域。研究结果表明:整个莱州湾受人类活动的综合影响均值为0.425,处于中等影响程度;其中污水排放、围填海工程及港口航运是对莱州湾生态系统影响比较强烈的人类活动;研究海域中40%受到人类活动的强烈影响,44%为中等影响,16%为微弱影响。空间量化分析显示,人类活动对莱州湾近岸海域的综合影响比邻近外海强烈,其中影响较强烈的区域出现在西南近岸海区,而影响较微弱的海区则为莱州湾北部外海。该方法空间量化结果与莱州湾实际情况相符,说明人海关系空间量化模型适合定量化评估人类活动对该海域生态系统的影响,可为"山东半岛蓝色经济区"海域管理提供技术支持。  相似文献   

黄东海表层沉积物中磷的赋存形态和分布特征及其对生态系统的潜在影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

宋国栋  刘素美 《海洋学报(英文版)》2015,34(4):84-91

For better understanding the phosphorus(P) cycle and its impacts on one of the most important fishing grounds and pressures on the marine ecosystem in the Yellow Sea(YS) and East China Sea(ECS), it is essential to distinguish the contents of different P speciation in sediments and have the knowledge of its distribution and bioavailability. In this study, the modified SEDEX procedure was employed to quantify the different forms of P in sediments. The contents of phosphorus fractions in surface sediments were 0.20–0.89 μmol/g for exchangeable-P(Exch-P), 0.37–2.86 μmol/g for Fe-bound P(Fe-P), 0.61–3.07 μmol/g for authigenic Ca-P(ACa-P), 6.39–13.73μmol/g for detrital-P(DAP) and 0.54–10.06 μmol/g for organic P(OP). The distribution of Exch-P, Fe-P and OP seemed to be similar. The concentrations of Exch-P, Fe-P and OP were slightly higher in the Yellow Sea than that in the East China Sea, and low concentrations could be observed in the middle part of the ECS and southwest off Cheju Island. The distribution of ACa-P was different from those of Exch-P, Fe-P and OP. DAP was the major fraction of sedimentary P in the research region. The sum of Exch-P, Fe-P and OP may be thought to be potentially bioavailable P in the research region. The percentage of bioavailable P in TP ranged from 13% to 61%. Bioavailable P burial flux that appeared regional differences was affected by sedimentation rates, porosity and bioavailable P content, and the distribution of bioavailable P burial flux were almost the same as that of TP burial flux.  相似文献   

Ballast water management in Canada: A historical perspective and implications for the future     

《Marine Policy》2015

Non-indigenous species (NIS) can create significant risks when introduced to foreign ecosystems. One of the many vectors facilitating the global transport of NIS is ballast water, and as commercial shipping increases so does the threat of ballast water-mediated introductions. Despite Canadian regulations, consistent with international guidelines put forth by the International Maritime Organization in the early 1990s, ballast water remains a potential vector for the introduction of many NIS to Canadian marine ecosystems: there have been no new introductions in the Laurentian Great Lakes Region since 2006, yet marine ecosystems continue to see the introduction and establishment of NIS. This paper details and analyzes the development of Canadian ballast water management (BWM), in the context of marine ecosystems, and identifies issues therein. BWM in Canada has a number of management gaps that have persisted since large-scale BWM began in the late 1980s. These include BWM exemptions for vessels not exiting the North American continental shelf, and limitations of effectiveness of mid-ocean exchange as the predominant management method in marine ecosystems. In addition, ballast water regulations for the Canadian Arctic may require additional consideration as the Arctic will likely continue to see an increase in both warming and commercial shipping in the future, thereby increasing the potential risk of NIS. In order to adequately protect all Canadian marine ecosystems, it is recommended that the current BWM regime: fill gaps in management to help prevent further introduction and spread of NIS; focus equally on both marine and freshwater regions, and; look to other aggressive BWM strategies such as those being developed by the state of California.  相似文献   

海黍子(Sargassum muticum)池塘养殖及对氮磷去除效果的研究     

王翔宇  王志刚  吴海一 《海洋湖沼通报》2015,(1):91-95

初步研究了在海参养殖池塘中,不同养殖方式下,大型海藻海黍子(Sargassum muticum)的生长特性及对水体中氨氮和活性磷的去除作用。2012年3~5月,在山东莱州试验养殖海黍子60d,结果发现其长度最大从43.8cm增长到81.3cm,增长85.6%,日增长率(SGR)在14℃时最大,达到5.0%;每绳的平均质量从0.74kg增到2.59kg,增长3.5倍,SGR在12℃时最大,达4.3%;水体氨氮平均下降了25.9%,活性磷下降了37.5%。实验证明海黍子能在适合的池塘中养殖,并且能有效的去除水体中的氨氮和活性磷,是有效的近海生境修复大型工具种海藻。  相似文献   

西湖总磷模型构建及内循环引水效果分析          下载免费PDF全文

滑磊  尤爱菊  韩曾萃  腾辉  朱军政 《水文》2015,35(4):27-32

调水是目前快速改善湖泊水质的有效方法之一,但是对于调水所能达到的最佳效果研究很少。以杭州西湖为例,利用环境流体动力学模型EFDC构建了西湖TP模型,对通过苏堤各桥孔的流量、外西湖分层流场和水质浓度进行了验证,分析了在现有外围调水情况下增加西湖内循环引水后西湖TP的时空变化。模拟结果表明,增加内循环引水,直接将低浓度区的水引至高浓度区,能够明显降低高浓度区的水质;低浓度区由于引水量的减小,区域内水质浓度会有一定的上升;全湖平均水质浓度基本不会发生改变。在没有增加外部引水的情况下,内循环引水可以使湖泊水体掺混更加均匀,对于防止高浓度区富营养化有很好的效果。增加内循环引水对西湖改善高浓度区水质有一定的指导意义,同时也可为相似湖泊增加内循环引水措施提供借鉴。  相似文献   

关于水工结构工程专业国家自然科学基金研究热点的认识     

李炎隆 《水科学进展》2015,26(5):752-758

在国家自然科学基金委的资助下,中国的水利科学与海洋工程学科得到了长足发展.为进一步明确学科发展方向,正确指引水利学者的研究导向,基于国家自然科学基金委员会主办的"2014水工结构与水力装备战略研究暨青年学者学术交流会"及水利学科有关申请书的申请材料和专家评议意见,分析了水科学研究中水工结构工程学科近期的研究进展情况,初步明确了"库坝工程全寿命周期性能演变机理"为"十三五"期间水工结构学科重大研究项目,在"生态水工学"和"水利工程的信息化、数字化、智能化"为优先支持的跨学科交叉研究领域,提出了学科亟待攻关的前沿热点科学问题.该研究有利于科研工作者进一步凝炼关键科学问题,促进水利科学基础研究的发展.  相似文献